Recovered from lead-refining dross by the Kroll–Betterton process: Ca and Mg are added to molten lead, forming an insoluble Bi–Ca–Mg alloy that floats to the top; the alloy is treated with chlorine to strip Ca and Mg, leaving Bi.
Research Elements Bi · atomic number 83 Post-transition metal · period 6, group 15 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 Shells: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 Valence electrons: 5 in the outer shell (6s2 6p3) Green dots are the outer shell's s and p electrons. Softer green dots are the d electrons of transition metals, and the d and f electrons of lanthanides and actinides: they often take part in bonding, but not always. Grey dots are the core. Ground-state configuration from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database (A. Kramida, Yu. Ralchenko, J. Reader and the NIST ASD Team). Abundance is the mole fraction of the element found as that isotope on Earth; digits in parentheses are the uncertainty in the last digits. Masses and abundances from NIST, Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (J. S. Coursey, D. J. Schwab, J. J. Tsai and R. A. Dragoset, National Institute of Standards and Technology).Bismuth
Electrons
How it's obtained
Natural isotopes
Isotope Relative atomic mass Abundance 209Bi 208.9803991(16) 1