Solvent extraction from heavy rare earths; TmF3 is reduced with Ca metal.
Research Elements Tm · atomic number 69 Lanthanide · period 6 [Xe] 4f13 6s2 Shells: 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 Valence electrons: 2 in the outer shell (6s2), and 13 in 4f13 Green dots are the outer shell's s and p electrons. Softer green dots are the d electrons of transition metals, and the d and f electrons of lanthanides and actinides: they often take part in bonding, but not always. Grey dots are the core. Ground-state configuration from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database (A. Kramida, Yu. Ralchenko, J. Reader and the NIST ASD Team). Abundance is the mole fraction of the element found as that isotope on Earth; digits in parentheses are the uncertainty in the last digits. Masses and abundances from NIST, Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (J. S. Coursey, D. J. Schwab, J. J. Tsai and R. A. Dragoset, National Institute of Standards and Technology).Thulium
Electrons
How it's obtained
Natural isotopes
Isotope Relative atomic mass Abundance 169Tm 168.9342179(22) 1