Kroll process: TiO2 is chlorinated over hot coke to TiCl4, distilled to purify, and reduced with molten Mg at ~800 °C under argon: TiCl4 + 2 Mg → Ti + 2 MgCl2. The MgCl2 is electrolyzed back to Mg and Cl2.
Research Elements Ti · atomic number 22 Transition metal · period 4, group 4 [Ar] 3d2 4s2 Shells: 2, 8, 10, 2 Valence electrons: 2 in the outer shell (4s2), and 2 in 3d2 Green dots are the outer shell's s and p electrons. Softer green dots are the d electrons of transition metals, and the d and f electrons of lanthanides and actinides: they often take part in bonding, but not always. Grey dots are the core. Ground-state configuration from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database (A. Kramida, Yu. Ralchenko, J. Reader and the NIST ASD Team). Abundance is the mole fraction of the element found as that isotope on Earth; digits in parentheses are the uncertainty in the last digits. Masses and abundances from NIST, Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (J. S. Coursey, D. J. Schwab, J. J. Tsai and R. A. Dragoset, National Institute of Standards and Technology).Titanium
Electrons
How it's obtained
Natural isotopes
Isotope Relative atomic mass Abundance 46Ti 45.95262772(35) 0.0825(3) 47Ti 46.95175879(38) 0.0744(2) 48Ti 47.94794198(38) 0.7372(3) 49Ti 48.94786568(39) 0.0541(2) 50Ti 49.94478689(39) 0.0518(2)