Vanadium slag from steelmaking is roasted with soda ash to sodium vanadate, water-leached and acidified to red-cake V2O5. Ferrovanadium comes from aluminothermic reduction of V2O5 with Fe.
Research Elements V · atomic number 23 Transition metal · period 4, group 5 [Ar] 3d3 4s2 Shells: 2, 8, 11, 2 Valence electrons: 2 in the outer shell (4s2), and 3 in 3d3 Green dots are the outer shell's s and p electrons. Softer green dots are the d electrons of transition metals, and the d and f electrons of lanthanides and actinides: they often take part in bonding, but not always. Grey dots are the core. Ground-state configuration from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database (A. Kramida, Yu. Ralchenko, J. Reader and the NIST ASD Team). Abundance is the mole fraction of the element found as that isotope on Earth; digits in parentheses are the uncertainty in the last digits. Masses and abundances from NIST, Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (J. S. Coursey, D. J. Schwab, J. J. Tsai and R. A. Dragoset, National Institute of Standards and Technology).Vanadium
Electrons
How it's obtained
Natural isotopes
Isotope Relative atomic mass Abundance 50V 49.94715601(95) 0.00250(4) 51V 50.94395704(94) 0.99750(4)